Happiness Vs Happiness - 1669 Words

Happiness is something that we strive for in our lives and expect to have in our futures. I don’t know a person out there that would openly choose to be unhappy for their entire lives. We all know we want to be happy and that we want it in our future, but we have never really opened up to the idea of specifically how we were going to be happy. Is there a structural way to find happiness or does happiness find you? Keeping in mind that everyone is different and we all live different lives it’s impossible to create one direct way of finding happiness. Where one way of finding happiness can work for me it won’t work for you. While finding happiness is different for everyone there are similarities in the search for happiness. We find ourselves†¦show more content†¦Using this as a basis for what she is wanting she created a chart of 12 resolutions to follow on the road to happiness. It would be nice if finding happiness was just as easy as following a chart f or an extended period of time, but it isn’t. Happiness is an emotion that relies heavily on your mental state. If you think negatively you will feel negatively, so to counter that Rubin made two lists to help her follow through with her resolutions and allow her to focus on being positive. She created the Twelve Commandments and the Secrets of Adulthood. January marked the start of the happiness project and the very first resolution she made. Like a lot of people Rubin had made New Year’s resolutions before and never kept them. To increase her chances of keeping her 12 resolutions alive, unlike all the gym memberships that collect dust, she made her first resolution energy. Energy and happiness go hand in hand. When you have more energy you will be happier and when you are happier you have more energy. To maximize energy levels Rubin worked both physically and mentally. Rubin went to physical energy first beginning with going to bed earlier. Almost immediately she saw improvements. She was more energetic and cheerful. Keeping with physical she started working out. There is evidence showing that exercising will lead to being healthier, thinking clearly and have better sleep. I honestly think that that is correct, but if IShow MoreRelatedEssay on American vs Asian Happiness847 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican /vs/ Asian View on Happiness Sandra Branco 9044618802 PSY/220 January 28, 2013 Jeana Esler View on Happiness View on Happiness Americans associate feelings of happiness with personal achievement, the Asian associate those feelings with an entire society’s harmony. Asian people feel emotion less often than Americans. Asians tended to rate their emotional events as more neutral than Americans rated theirs. Overall, Americans were more likely to see theirRead MoreAristotle Vs. 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Anorexia Nervosa Is A Problem That Affects Many Women

Anorexia nervosa is a problem that affects many women in the United States. We are influenced by what we see in the television and magazines. Women (that are easily affected) get a negative self-image and self-esteem, and then do damaging things to their bodies, such as not eating. A woman who is suffering from this psychological disorder purposely starves herself sometimes to the point to death. Anorexia nervosa usually starts during the teenage years and early twenties and is characterized by an obsession with food and food rituals. This impacted my life, because my cousin had anorexia nervosa is a hard process for all the family. Anorexia nervosa is a danger zone that a girl can get in and they don’t know, that can take you to†¦show more content†¦Risks to the person’s health increase. Some people think that only girls get Anorexia nervosa. â€Å"The fact is that the majority of eating disorder suffers are female, but the number if male suffers is steadily increasing† (Stephanie Watson, p.14). Some researchers believe that there are more victims than anyone knows about, because Anorexia are seen as a girl’s problem and boys are reluctant to admit to having them or to seek help. In Victorian age, women were seen as tough. Also on the 60’s Marlyn Monroe was tough. Now, on these days Angelica Jolie in a short time she gets skinner. Anorexia nervosa or Bulimia is self-centered and vain. The truth is that people with eating disorder have low self-esteem. Far from being happy with or proud of their appearance, they hate the way they look and believe that losing weight will help. Even when they have lost a large amount of weight and have become dangerously thin, anorexics still see themselves as fat. What is Anorexia nervosa? Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an irrational dread of becoming fat coupled with a relentless pursuit of thinness. People with anorexia go to extremes to reach and maintain a dangerously low bod y weight. But no matter how much weight is lost, no matter how emaciated they become, it’s never enough. â€Å"The more the scale dips, the more obsessed they become with food, dieting, and weight loss† (Kelodny, Nancy J). For

Framework of Leader Character in Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Framework of Leader Character in Organizations. Answer: Introduction: This paper is on writing the reflection about the learning experiences in a group. The project was completed by working in a group. Working in a group has specially benefited me in a lot of ways. Working in a group project has helped me in improving the power of getting mixed with the members and communicating with them (Levi, 2015). It helped me in learning the content as well as handling the material. I used to work on the questions as well as developing ideas with them. It was also very easy in figuring out the things for me while researching in a group. When we are discussing with a thing related to the topic it helped me very much in gaining knowledge of the subject in depth. Argument over certain topics helps me to reach to certain inference on the project which is very helpful in completing the project. The project or the assignment done in the group helped in increasing the productivity of the group. At first when I started working in a group I cannot adjust with the circumst ances and feel shaky with the conversation. Therefore when it was a troubling situation for me but I got adjusted with the time went by. It helped me in learning how to work co-operatively with the others and also helped me in gaining experience about taking good decisions in critical situations. According to me the suggestions for the students for getting through the project are student should draw ever group members on every members knowledge and skill. They should establish share goals so that it can be only fulfilled through collaboration. They should devote time especially on the skills of team work. They should evaluate the complexity of the project, break the task and divided among them, plan the strategy and limit the assignment deadline within a time frame. While working in the group they also should build an accountability of their own. While working in a group the communication as well as coordination plan improved a lot for me. At first when there was existing communication and coordination problem the working on the assignment hampered a lot. Therefore, as time goes on there was significant improvement in these skills. I also learned to work in an environment surrounded by other person doing the same job. The decision taking power of mine also increased as when a project is done in a group certain decisions are very much important for the completion of the project. The problems faced while doing the project are some member were there whose contribution was less. There was also existence of improper communication that raised severe issues within the team members. The conflicts were also raised between the team members at the starting of the project (Nahavandi, 2016). The group leader during the initial phase was having dominating personalities. But as the time went by every members of the group gain the knowledge about negotiation and compromise that lead to the successful complete of the project. The group leader of the project was the most impressive person because the way he handled the initial problem and turned the group into a successful one. His communication skill and the way of coordination were excellent (Crossan et al., 2017). He also took important decision at the right time that depicted his power of taking decisions. Reference List Crossan, M. M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G. H., Reno, M., Monzani, L., Gandz, J. (2017). Toward a Framework of Leader Character in Organizations.Journal of Management Studies. Levi, D. (2015).Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.

Strategic Management of the NHS

Introduction The main objective of the NHS is to ensure that all residents of the UK are able to access medical services irrespective of their demographic, social, cultural or economic background (NHS 2014). One of the major advantages of the NHS is that it enables the residents of the UK to receive healthcare free of charge. In addition, it provides a variety of services to all patients. This has resulted into improved health outcomes in the country.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic Management of the NHS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the NHS has faced serious challenges in the last few years. These include limited funding from the government and inadequate capacity to handle rising demand for medical services (Schmid et al. 2010, pp. 455-486). In addition, patients have complained about declining service quality standards, whereas physicians are concerned about deteriorating terms of se rvice. This has forced the government to intervene by implementing new policies and strategies to improve the performance of the NHS. This report will provide a detailed analysis of the NHS, with the aim of proposing recommendations to the government to improve its performance. The report will begin by highlighting the current state of the UK’s healthcare system. This will be followed by analysis using various tools and models. Problems First, secondary care institutions are facing sustainability challenges. This is illustrated by the fact that nearly 15% of the country’s hospitals that provide specialized care have been declared unsustainable in the recent past. As more institutions become clinically and economically unsustainable, access to high quality healthcare will reduce significantly (Rothgang et al. 2008, pp. 132-146). Second, the government believes that it should reduce its expenditure on healthcare by 20%. This need arose as a result of the country’s poor economic performance in the last five years. Third, there is no effective integration between hospitals and community services. Some of the factors that hinder integration include poor communication, conflicting objectives among care institutions, and competition among care providers (Williams 2011, pp. 100-113). Fourth, the public has lost trust in general practitioners (GPs). The GPs have focused on pursuing their interests at the expense of providing improved and accessible services to the public. Aims and Objectives of the Healthcare System in the UK First, the government intends to cut its expenditure on healthcare without compromising quality and access. This objective is meant to improve efficiency in the healthcare system. Second, the NHS intends to distribute the existing workload between primary and secondary care institutions.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A fair distribution of the workload will enhance capacity optimization in existing care institutions, thereby improving access. Third, the integration between care institutions is to be improved. This objective will facilitate effective and efficient cooperation among care providers (Williams 2011, pp. 100-113). Fourth, the NHS intends to increase the range of local services that are provided by the GPs. This will restore public confidence and trust in GPs (Costigliola 2012, p. 42). In addition, the demand for secondary care will reduce if improved services are provided at the local level. Finally, the process of commissioning healthcare is to be improved by increasing the representation of clinicians in the CCGs. Improved participation of clinicians will ensure that quality medical services are available in every region in the UK (Costigliola 2012, p. 52). Stakeholders The stakeholders include the Care Quality Commission (CQC), National Health Service (NHS) England, Clinical Com missioning Groups (CCG), Health and Wellbeing Board, the government, the National Treasury, and Monitor (NHS 2014). The CQC monitors the health sector by ensuring that care institutions are providing safe, effective, and high quality medical services. NHS England facilitates access to healthcare by providing adequate care facilities, medical supplies, and qualified physicians. The main role of CCGs is to plan and design the process of providing medical services at the local level (NHS 2014). This involves purchasing medical services such as planned hospital care and rehabilitation care. The Health and Wellbeing Board collaborates with the commissioners and the community members to facilitate equitable access to healthcare at the local level. Monitor regulators the health sector by ensuring that the services provided meet the varied needs of the citizens (Monitor 2014). Analysis of Major Provider Sectors The government of the UK provides healthcare at different levels. These include primary care, secondary care, community care, and social care. Primary care is mainly provided by general practitioners and nurses as a first response to various health conditions. Primary care â€Å"provides universal and comprehensive access to all citizens† (Greener 2009, p. 76). The services include diagnosing diseases, prevention of diseases, and encouraging healthy behaviors (NHS 2014). The main strengths of the country’s primary care system include high access rate and effective coordination of services. However, the system is underfunded and the demand for services keeps rising (Appleby et al. 2014). Secondary care in the UK is provided by consultants who are hired by the NHS. The consultants are doctors and health professionals who specialize in specific areas such as cardiology and physiotherapy. Generally, the consultants provide their services in hospitals that are owned by the government (NHS 2014).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic Management of the NHS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main strength of the UK’s secondary care system is that it provides high quality medical services. In addition, it is less expensive than those of most developed countries. However, access to secondary care in the UK has reduced tremendously in the last decade due to limited capacity. Patients have to wait for a long time to be attended to by specialists such as neurologists. In addition, poor coordination between primary and secondary care institutions limits access. Community care is mainly provided at the local level to specific groups of people such as the disabled and the elderly. The aim of community care is to enable beneficiaries to receive care while maintaining their independence in their residential homes or care homes (NHS 2014). The services provided by the community care system include meals, helping with domestic chores such as cleaning, pers onal tasks such as bathing, and recreational activities. Community care enables the government to reduce the strain on health facilities since the services are provided in the patient’s home or in a care home (Appleby et al. 2014). The main weakness of the community care system is that the criteria for selecting the beneficiaries is often complicated and time consuming. Social care is also provided at the local level to help citizens and their families to cope with the life challenges that are attributed to disability and illnesses. Social care is also negatively affected by the complexities associated with selecting the beneficiaries. Analysis of the NHS SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the NHS. It also identifies the opportunities that are available to the NHS and the threats in the health sector (Gerlinger 2009, pp. 145-175). Table 1 summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Table 1: SWOT Strengths Weaknesses NHS has been rated as an excellent healthcare provider by CQC Operating costs are rising beyond the sustainable level NHS has expertise in developing appropriate clinical content and processes to deliver healthcare Long waiting lists due to limited capacity in public hospitals NHS has extensive infrastructure and personnel at the local and national level (NHS 2014) Poor coordination between primary and secondary care institutions. This prevents access to healthcare at the local level NHS is the only public provider of healthcare on a large-scale basis. Thus, it does not face high competition from private hospitals Low public confidence due to the declining quality of the medical services that are provided by the GPs Opportunities Threats NHS 111 provides opportunities to serve more customers Poor economic growth may reduce funding from the government. This will negatively affect service delivery The market for long-term conditions is underdeveloped. This is an opportu nity to provide more services to the underserved The rise in chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes will increase the strain on the limited resources Collaborating with private care providers provide opportunities for cost reduction Insufficient supply of specialized personnel to treat chronic diseases in public hospitals The main strength of the NHS is its ability to provide medical services on a large-scale to the residents of the UK. Moreover, it has an extensive infrastructure and well trained medical personnel. The threats facing the NHS include limited funding and the increase in the number of patients with chronic conditions. The opportunities that are available to the NHS include using NHS 111 call service to enable more patients to access healthcare. Moreover, the NHS can address its capacity constraints by collaborating with private providers to deliver healthcare.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis highlights the external factors that are likely to influence the performance of the NHS in future. These include political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors (Greener 2009, p. 213). The influence of these factors is summarized in table 2. Table 2: External Factors Political Economic Government is committed to improving efficiency by reducing costs Reduction of spending in healthcare due to poor economic performance NHS reforms will reduce inequalities in access, improve transparency, and enhance citizens’ participation (House of Commons 2011, pp. 1-40) More citizens will opt for the free services provided by the NHS due to low purchasing power Allowing more private sector organizations to deliver healthcare is expected to improve access and quality Rising cost of private health insurance will increase dependence on the NHS Social Technology Improvement in e-learning and digital inclusion is an op portunity to reduce costs through technologies such as telehealth High penetration of web and mobile phone technologies (NHS 2014). This will enhance provision of remote care via the internet and mobile phones Increasing and aging population will strain the resources for community care (Farnsworth 2012, pp. 146-151) DH/NHS transaction engine enhances access to care through digital channels Increase in long-term conditions will increase demand for secondary care Government is committed to enhance use of ICT in the health sector Legal Environment All trusts are required to achieve NHS foundation trust status to promote sustainability (House of Commons 2011, pp. 1-40) NHS has to reduce greenhouse gas emissions The main external factors that pose significant threats to the NHS include increase in the prevalence of long-term conditions and rapid aging of the population, as well as, reduced funding. These factors will lead to resource limitations, thereby causing failure. Howev er, improvements in e-learning and digital inclusion provide opportunities for cost reduction through technologies such as telehealth. Competition: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Porter’s five forces analysis highlights the nature of competition in UK’s health sector (Costigliola 2012, p. 115). Table 3 summarizes the main forces in the competitive environment that are likely to influence the competiveness of the NHS. Table 3: Market Forces Buyer’s bargaining power Supplier’s bargaining power Self-pay patients have high power due to their low switching cost NHS is the dominant supplier Commissioners have high power due to their dominance Consultants in the private healthcare market have high bargaining power due to their limited number and ability to jointly set prices Threat of new entrants is low because of Threat of substitutes High entry costs Services provided by the NHS perform better than substitutes in terms of accessibility and co st. Difficulty in introducing a model that is superior to the NHS Threat is moderate and is attributed to patient empowerment and medical tourism (Gilardi, Fluglister Luyet 2009, pp. 549-573). Intensity of competition is low because of: Dominance of the NHS Private providers lack national coverage Limited availability of specialists Table 3 shows that the NHS is able to overcome competition in the market. This is explained by the fact that the NHS is the largest provider of healthcare and its services perform better than those of the competitors in terms of accessibility and costs. However, the NHS should improve the quality of its services to overcome the threat attributed to alternative services such as medical tourism. 7S Analysis The 7S analysis is a strategic management model that states that an organization must align and reinforce its soft and hard elements to achieve success (Sadler 2003, p. 56). The soft elements include staff, skills, shared values, and styl e. The hard elements include structure, strategy, and system (Sadler 2003, p. 56). These elements are summarized in table 4. Table 4: The Soft and Hard Elements of the NHS Soft elements Hard elements Shared values The values used by the NHS are respect, improving lives, compassion, commitment to quality, and working together for patients. Strategy The strategy of the NHS is to improve healthcare by designing and commissioning care programs. The programs focus on five areas namely, prevention of premature deaths, safety, acute care, experience of care, and long-term conditions. Skills Employees are provided with learning and development opportunities to improve their skills. Staff are required to achieve accreditation after formal training (NHS 2014) Structure A hierarchical organizational structure with various management levels is in place. Directors and officers have been appointed to various positions. Style NHS promotes leadership development and staff involvement. It a lso promotes the culture of teamwork, public service, accountability, quality, and safety. System NHS provides healthcare through several organizations. These include CCGs, NHS foundation trusts, ambulance trusts, and care trusts. Staff NHS has a workforce of over 1.3 million people. This consists of medical and non-medical personnel. NHS conducts regular review of its workforce to identify and to address emerging staffing needs. The organizational values that have been adopted by the NHS include compassion, improving lives, commitment to quality, and working together for patients. Compassion and commitment to quality will enable the employees of the NHS to provide the best healthcare, thereby improving patients’ health. In addition, teamwork will facilitate effective coordination of healthcare services. Professional development will improve the employees’ skills. As a result, they will be able to satisfy patients’ health needs. The NHS delivers healthcare through several organizations, which include CCGs, and NHS foundation trusts. The organizational structures of these organizations should be streamlined to improve efficiency in healthcare delivery. Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder analysis identifies the individuals and organizations that are likely to influence the activities of the NHS. Generally, stakeholders with high interest and power/ influence on delivery of healthcare are likely to have a great impact on the strategy and activities of the NHS and vice versa (Sadler 2003, p. 73). Table 5 sheds light on the stakeholders. Table 5: Key Stakeholders High power Parliament Government National directors of the NHS Union leaders Medical staff CQC CCGs NHS foundation trusts Monitor Low power Non-medical staff Patients Public Health Patient representative groups Low interest in healthcare High interest in healthcare Stakeholders with high interest in healthcare are the main consumers of medical services. Thus, the NHS mus t align its strategy to the needs of stakeholders with high interest (patients) to achieve success. Non-medical personnel have low interest because they are not directly involved in the provision of healthcare. Thus, they are not likely to have a significant impact on the strategy of the NHS. The union leaders and the government have high influence on healthcare provision. Thus, the NHS must satisfy their needs, which include cost reduction and maintaining acceptable quality standards. Medical staff, Monitor, and CQC have high interest and influence. Thus, the NHS must actively manage them to ensure long-term cooperation. The patients and Public Health have high interest and low influence. Thus, the NHS should keep them informed about its activities to facilitate access to care. Recommendations The government should adopt the following recommendations to reform the NHS. The main objective of the recommendations is to address the weaknesses of the NHS so that it can overcome external threats and take advantage of existing opportunities. The recommendations will also meet the objectives of the healthcare system in the UK. Reduce Spending by 25% Reducing expenditure is the major strategy that the NHS needs to reduce its budget deficits. Expenditure should be reduced by adopting the following strategies. First, the organizational framework of the CCGs should be decentralized. One of the major weaknesses of the NHS is high operating costs, which are partly attributed to centralization of CCGs’ organizational framework. Significant cost reductions can be achieved by decentralizing CCGs. This will involve increasing the participation of the local communities in commissioning healthcare. The local communities will have high involvement in the ownership and management of healthcare facilities. This will promote cost reduction at the local level. Second, specialized services should be merged. Services such as treatment of chronic diseases should be centralized or merged to reduce costs. This strategy is justified by the fact that specialized services are very expensive to provide. Centralizing the services will lead to cost savings through sharing of scarce resources (Wilstow 2012, pp. 5-13). For example, accessing specialists such as cardiologists who are in short supply will be easy and cost-effective if their services are centralized. Reorganization of the Workforce Reorganization of the workforce through professional development is required to improve the quality of healthcare. In this regard, the NHS should adopt the following strategies. First, the NHS should train more specialized medical personnel. The NHS has a long patient waiting list because of the limited availability of specialized medical personnel. Thus, it is important to train more specialized personnel to improve service provision (Charlesworth, Smith Thorlby 2014). Second, the NHS should focus on on-the-job training of non-specialized medical personnel (Hall, Miller Mi llar 2012, pp. 49-62). Improved skills will enable the personnel to provide high quality services, thereby restoring public confidence in GPs. Third, the NHS should deploy personnel to underserved areas. Increased influence of politicians in commissioning healthcare in the country has led to unbalanced access to care. To address this situation, medical personal should be redeployed from overstaffed to understaffed hospitals and clinics to improve health outcomes (Hall, Miller Millar 2012, pp. 49-62). Disease Prevention The NHS should focus on disease prevention to reduce demand for healthcare, thereby reducing its capacity constraints. Thus, staff and patient education programs should be introduced to increase the information that is in the public domain about disease prevention. If the information is utilized appropriately, infection rates will reduce (Lombardo Buckeridge 2012, pp. 7-20). This will reduce expenditure on healthcare and improve the health of the citizens. Regular s creening of members of the public should be conducted to facilitate early detection of various illnesses. As a result, it will be possible to provide timely interventions to prevent premature deaths (Gerlinger 2009, pp. 145-175). Moreover, chronic diseases such as cancer can be treated at a low cost if they are detected early. Quality of Healthcare Improving the quality of healthcare is the major strategy that the NHS should adopt to improve patient outcomes and to win the trust of the public. The NHS should introduce effective care pathways to improve the quality and safety of healthcare. Care pathways will use evidence-based clinical interventions, thereby reducing chances of medical errors. The resulting improvements in health outcomes will reduce readmission rates and strain on healthcare resources (Gerlinger 2009, pp. 145-175). Monitor and CQC should provide guidelines and technical assistance to improve compliance. Moreover, Monitor should improve supervision of healthcare pro viders. This will ensure that only accredited institutions are providing medical services, thereby improving quality. Use of Technology Use of advanced information and communication technologies is one of the main strategies that the NHS should adopt to improve access to healthcare. The NHS should focus on using telehealth, websites, and mobile phone applications. Since majority of the population already has access to the internet and mobile phones, telehealth and websites will be convenient and cost-effective channels for delivering healthcare (Ramena Staggers 2013, p. 14). Furthermore, care providers should use text reminders to encourage patients to attend medical appointments. Empirical studies indicate that SMS text reminders motivate patients to attend all clinical appointments, thereby improving their health (Mitchell Selmes 2007, pp. 423-434). Participation of the Private Sector in Service Provision The participation of the private sector is required to increase the capaci ty to provide healthcare to all citizens. The government should provide incentives to private insurers to provide affordable health insurance. As the cost of health insurance premiums reduce, more citizens are likely to pay for their healthcare. As a result, the budget deficits that the NHS is grappling with will reduce. The government should also deregulate establishment of private hospitals and clinics. By eliminating regulations that prevent entry, the participation of the private sector will increase, thereby enhancing access and quality. Capacity Change The capacity of the healthcare system should be increased to meet future increase in demand for healthcare. The NHS should establish additional hospitals, care homes, and clinics to address the expected increase in demand for care. Moreover, the NHS should improve availability and functionality of medical equipment. One out of five public hospitals is not sustainable partly because of inadequate equipment (Appleby et al. 2014). Thus, the existing medical equipment should be improved to enhance clinical sustainability. Integrated Care The NHS should focus on providing integrated care to eliminate fragmentation of medical services, which often leads to poor patient outcomes. There should be improved collaboration among commissioners to facilitate pooling of resources at the local level to provide more services to citizens (Currie, Finn Peters 2007, pp. 406-417). Additionally, healthcare for the elderly and patients with long-term conditions should be centralized. Evidence from the Veterans Health Administration in the US shows that patient outcomes often improve if the services needed by specific groups such as the elderly are centralized. Conclusion The NHS is the leading provider of healthcare in the UK. Its main strengths include access to an extensive infrastructure and well trained personnel. Furthermore, it is capable of developing and implementing improved healthcare solutions. However, its effective ness is threatened by several factors. These include rising demand for healthcare, reduced funding from the government, and declining quality of healthcare. Despite its weaknesses, the NHS can still be reformed by taking advantage of the opportunities in the healthcare sector. These include the use of telehealth and partnering with private care providers. Moreover, the NHS must improve its internal efficiency to reduce operating costs. This calls for centralizing specialized services and decentralizing the organizational framework of CCGs. Furthermore, the NHS must improve the quality of its healthcare services in order to regain the trust of the public. References Appleby, J, Humphries, R, Thompsons, J Jabbal, J 2014, How is the health and social care system performing. Web. Charlesworth, A, Smith J Thorlby, R 2014, The coalition government’s health and social care reforms. Web. Costigliola, V 2012, Healthcare overview: new perspectives, Oxford University Press, London. Cu rrie, G, Finn, R Peters, M 2007, ‘Spanning boundaries in pursuit of effective knowledge sharing within networks in the NHS’, Journal of the Health Organization and Management, vol. 21. no. 4, pp. 406-417. Farnsworth, A 2012, ‘Unintended consequences: the impact of NHS reforms upon Torbay Care Trust’, Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 20. no. 3, pp. 146-151. Gerlinger, T 2009, Competitive transformation and state regulation in health insurance countries, Edward Elgar Limited, Cheltenham. Gilardi, F, Fluglister, K Luyet, S 2009, ‘Learning from others: the diffusion of hospital financing reforms in OECD countries’, Comparative Political Students, vol. 42. no. 1, pp. 549-573. Greener, I 2009, Healthcare in the UK: understanding continuity and change, Sage, London. Hall, K, Miller, R Millar, R 2012, ‘Jumped or pushed: what motivates NHS staff to setup a social enterprise’, Social Enterprise Journal, vol. 8. no. 1, pp. 49-62. House of Commons 2011, Achievement of foundation trust status by NHS hospital trusts, Stationary Office, London. Lombardo, J Buckeridge, D 2012, Disease surveillance: a public health informatics approach, Palgrave, London. Mitchell, A Selmes, T 2007, ‘Why don’t patients attend their appointments: maintaining engagement with psychiatric services’, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, vol. 13. no. 1, pp. 423-434. Monitor 2014, What we do. Web. NHS 2014, About us. Web. Ramena, N Staggers, N 2013, Health informatics: an inter-professional approach, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Rothgang, H, Cacace, M, Frisina, L Schmid, A 2008, The changing public-private-mix in OECD healthcare systems, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Schmid, A, Cacace, M, Gotze, R Rothgang, H 2010, ‘Explaining health care system change: problem pressure and the emergency of hybrid health care systems’, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, vol. 35. no. 3, pp. 455-486. Schmid, A Gotze, R 2 009, ‘Policy learning in health care system reform: the case of diagnosing related groups’, International Social Security Review, vol. 62. no. 1, pp. 21-40. Williams, S 2011, ‘Safeguarding adults at risk in the NHS through inter-agency working’, Journal of Adult Protection, vol. 13. no. 2, pp. 100-113. Wilstow, G 2011, ‘Integration and the NHS reforms’, Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 19. no. 4, pp. 5-13. This case study on Strategic Management of the NHS was written and submitted by user Jul1us to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of Algorithm in Mathematics

Definition of Algorithm in Mathematics An algorithm in mathematics is a procedure, a description of a set of steps that can be used to solve a mathematical computation: but they are much more common than that today. Algorithms are used in many branches of science (and everyday life for that matter), but perhaps the most common example is that step-by-step procedure used in long division. The process of resolving a problem in such as what is 73 divided by 3 could be described by the following algorithm: How many times does 3 go into 7?The answer is 2How many are left over? 1Put the 1(ten) in front of the 3.How many times does 3 go into 13?The answer is 4 with a remainder of one.And of course, the answer is 24 with a remainder of 1. The step by step procedure described above is called a long division algorithm. Why Algorithms? While the description above might sound a bit detailed and fussy, algorithms are all about finding efficient ways to do the math. As the anonymous mathematician says, Mathematicians are lazy so they are always looking for shortcuts. Algorithms are for finding those shortcuts. A baseline algorithm for multiplication, for example, might be simply adding the same number over and over again. So, 3,546 times 5 could be described in four steps: How much is 3546 plus 3546? 7092How much is 7092 plus 3546? 10638How much is 10638 plus 3546? 14184How much is 14184 plus 3546? 17730 Five times 3,546 is 17,730. But 3,546 multiplied by 654 would take 653 steps. Who wants to keep adding a number over and over again? There are a set of multiplication algorithms for that; the one you choose would depend on how large your number is. An algorithm is usually the most efficient (not always) way to do the math. Common Algebraic Examples FOIL (First, Outside, Inside, Last) is an algorithm used in algebra that is used in multiplying polynomials: the student remembers to solve a polynomial expression in the correct order: To resolve (4x 6)(x 2), the FOIL algorithm would be: Multiply the first terms in the parenthesis (4x times x 4x2)Multiply the two terms on the outside (4x times 2 8x)Multiply the inside terms (6 times x 6x)Multiply the last terms (6 times 2 12)Add all the results together to get 4x2 14x 12) BEDMAS (Brackets, Exponents, Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction.) is another useful set of steps and is also considered a formula. The BEDMAS method refers to a way to order a set of mathematical operations. Teaching Algorithms Algorithms have an important place in any mathematics curriculum. Age-old strategies involve rote memorization of ancient algorithms; but modern teachers have also begun to develop curriculum over the years to effectively teach the idea of algorithms, that there are multiple ways of resolving complex issues by breaking them into a set of procedural steps. Allowing a child to creatively invent ways of resolving problems is known as developing algorithmic thinking. When teachers watch students do their math, a great question to pose to them is Can you think of a shorter way to do that? Allowing children to create their own methods to resolve issues stretches their thinking and analytical skills. Outside of Math Learning how to operationalize procedures to make them more efficient is an important skill in many fields of endeavor. Computer science continually improves upon arithmetic and algebraic equations to make computers run more efficiently; but so do chefs, who continually improve their processes to make the best recipe for making a lentil soup or a pecan pie. Other examples include online dating, where the user fills out a form about his or her preferences and characteristics, and an algorithm uses those choices to pick a perfect potential mate. Computer video games use algorithms to tell a story: the user makes a decision, and the computer bases the next steps on that decision. GPS systems use algorithms to balance readings from several satellites to identify your exact location and the best route for your SUV. Google uses an algorithm based on your searches to push appropriate advertising in your direction. Some writers today are even calling the 21st century the Age of Algorithms. They are today a way to cope with the massive amounts of data we are generating daily. Sources and Further Reading Curcio, Frances R., and Sydney L. Schwartz. There Are No Algorithms for Teaching Algorithms. Teaching Children Mathematics 5.1 (1998): 26-30. Print.Morley, Arthur. Teaching and Learning Algorithms. For the Learning of Mathematics 2.2 (1981): 50-51. Print.Rainie, Lee, and Janna Anderson. Code-Dependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithm Age. Internet and Technology. Pew Research Center 2017. Web. Accessed January 27, 2018.

Passed vs Past

Passed vs Past Passed vs Past Passed vs Past By Ali Hale Sandi from Inspiration for Writers wrote to ask: â€Å"Can you do a segment on Past vs. Passedif you havent already? Too many get these words mixed up.† Very happy to oblige, Sandi! Past – relates to location The word past locates something in time, and sometimes in space. It can be used as an adjective, noun, or adverb. Past as an adjective The first definition which the OED gives for past as an adjective is â€Å"Gone by in time; elapsed; done with; over.† For example: â€Å"The days for mourning are now past.† When attributed to a group of people, past can also mean â€Å"Having served ones term of office; former.† (OED) All past presidents of the United States were male. And in grammar, we have more examples of past being used as an adjective, such as in â€Å"past tense† and â€Å"past participle†. Past as a noun The main meaning for the noun form of past, given by the OED, is â€Å"The time that has gone by; a time, or all of the time, before the present.† In the past, standards were higher. â€Å"We cannot live in the past.† Past as a preposition As a preposition, past can mean: â€Å"Beyond in time; after; beyond the age for or time of; (in stating the time of day) so many minutes, or a quarter or half of an hour, after a particular hour.† (OED) It is almost half past five. It can also be used for location: â€Å"Beyond in place; further on than; at or on the further side of; to a point beyond.† (OED) My house is the one just past the turning. Past as an adverb The first meaning the OED cites for past being used as an adverb is â€Å"So as to pass or go by; by.† For example: The ball sped past the goalkeeper. Passed – a verb in the past tense Passed is the past participle of the verb â€Å"to pass†. It can be an intransitive verb (one which doesn’t require an object) or a transitive verb (one which requires both a subject and one or more objects). â€Å"To pass† means â€Å"To proceed, move forward, depart; to cause to do this.† (OED) This can refer to movement forwards in time, in space, or in life (such as â€Å"to pass an examination†). For example: The weeks passed quickly. (Intransitive: subject â€Å"the weeks† and no object). I passed all my exams! (Transitive: subject â€Å"I† and object â€Å"my exams†.) He passed the ball well during the match earlier. (Transitive: subject â€Å"He† and object â€Å"the ball†.) When do â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† get confused? Often, writers muddle the words past and passed in sentences such as: â€Å"The heroes passed a village on their way towards the mountains.† It’s common to see this written as: â€Å"The heroes past a village on their way towards the mountains.† But the word should be passed, as (in this sentence) it’s the past participle of the verb â€Å"to pass†. An easy way to tell is to rewrite the sentence in the present tense, as though you’re describing something which is happening currently: â€Å"The heroes pass a village on their way towards the mountains.† or â€Å"The heroes are passing a village on their way towards the mountains.† However, if you wrote: â€Å"The heroes walked past a village on their way towards the mountains.† It’s correct to use past. The verb in this sentence is â€Å"walked†, and the â€Å"past† is acting as an adverb. Unusual uses of the word â€Å"passed† Most of the time, passed is a verb, as described above. There are a few occasions when it can be used as a noun or an adjective, though. For example: â€Å"Don’t speak ill of the passed.† (noun) This comes from the phrase â€Å"passed-away†. â€Å"A passed pawn† (adjective) Term used in chess. â€Å"A passed ball† (adjective) Term used in baseball. â€Å"A passed midshipman/fireman/surgeon† (adjective) Someone who has passed a period of instruction and qualified through examination – apparently this usage arose in the navy. Have you come across any other unusual uses? Are there still any cases where you’re not sure whether to use passed or past? Share your examples with us in the comments below! Why Do People Confuse â€Å"Past† and â€Å"Passed†, Anyway? The words â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† are homonyms (or homophones): they sound alike, but they’re two different words. This makes it easy to confuse them when writing – just like people often confuse the words â€Å"there†, â€Å"their† and â€Å"they’re†. It doesn’t help that â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† have quite similar meanings, each referring to movement relating to a fixed point (in time, space, or even life). This means it’s a lot easier to muddle them up than it is with some other homonyms with very different meanings, like â€Å"blue† and â€Å"blew†. For a whole list of homonyms that commonly get confused, check out 25 Confused Homonym Pairs. Quick Rules of Thumb When Dealing With â€Å"Past† and â€Å"Passed† If you’re still struggling with â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed†, remember, â€Å"past† can’t be used as a verb. If you find it hard to identify a verb, try replacing â€Å"passed† with the words â€Å"went by†, and see if your sentence works: The heroes passed a village on their way towards the mountains. The heroes went by a village on their way towards the mountains. Time passed slowly that afternoon. Time went by slowly that afternoon. (This won’t work in every case – e.g. â€Å"He passed his exams† won’t sound right as â€Å"He went by his exams† – but it’ll help you a lot of the time.) Alternatively, as mentioned above, you can rewrite the sentence in the present tense, as though it’s happening right now. Right/Wrong Examples of the Use of Past and Passed Sometimes, it’s helpful to take a look at some examples so you can double-check if you’re using â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† the right way: Right: He ran straight past the bus stop. (â€Å"Past† is acting as a preposition here and could be replaced with the word â€Å"by†) Wrong: He ran straight passed the bus stop. (â€Å"Passed† can’t be a preposition.) Right: He passed the bus stop on his run. (â€Å"Passed† is a past-tense verb here and could be replaced with â€Å"went by†.) Wrong: He past the bus stop on his run. (â€Å"Past† can’t be a verb.) Right: She passed the time by reading a novel. (Here, â€Å"passed† is a transitive verb and â€Å"time† is the direct object.) Wrong: She past the time by reading a novel. (â€Å"Past† can’t be a verb.) Right: It is past the time you should be home. (â€Å"Past† is a preposition here. You could replace it with â€Å"after† or â€Å"beyond†.) Wrong: It is passed the time you should be home. (â€Å"Passed† can’t be a preposition.) Hopefully this helps clear up any â€Å"past† vs â€Å"passed† confusion for you. Past vs Passed Quiz For each sentence, select whether past or passed is correct. 1. The time [past/passed] slowly that afternoon. passed past 2. If I had a time machine, Id rather travel to the future than the [past/passed]. passed past 3. The bus will arrive at half [past/passed] six. passed past 4. My friend [past/passed] all her exams. past passed Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorFor Sale vs. On SalePresent Participle as Adjective

Chiquitas Global Turnaround Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chiquitas Global Turnaround - Research Paper Example From the case, it is clear that Chiquita’s decisions are based on profitability. The profitability of the company is dictated by the ability to reduce costs. Thus, the company does not have an elaborate human resources strategy. Chiquita buys most of its products from subsidiaries. As a result, the subsidiaries are responsible for a majority of Chiquita’s staff. To assert control over the human resource practices of its subsidiaries, Chiquita signed an agreement with its subsidiaries regarding the rights of workers. The agreement meant that Chiquita would only engage suppliers who adhere to the practices of the company, thus revamping its reputation. The precursor firm, United Fruit, had a poor relationship with workers because it prohibited employees from joining labor unions.As such, the bargaining power of the employees was limited and resorted to mass action. However, the company revamped its human resource strategy under the new management and established favorable labor relations. Currently, the company engages employees in many aspects of the operations such as innovation, decision making and research and development.The fact that Chiquita pressures its subsidiaries to adopt is human resources strategy increased its costs. Suppliers who pay higher wages as a result of Chiquita directive often transfer the cost to the company through offering their products at a higher price. Stakeholders have different interests that a corporation should consider in the corporate responsibility strategy.

How to make oral presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to make oral presentation - Essay Example I would like to share the process of doing an oral presentation. I do oral presentation frequently because it is part of a student’s life. One cannot get through college without mastering the art and science of oral presentation. Thus, it would be best that a student must learn how to do oral presentation effectively while still in school. Make an outline of the presentation. This will help organize not only the presentation but also the thought of the person delivering the oral presentation. Outline serves as a guide for the presentation. This could be done through power point and the presenter's own printed copy with the corresponding explanation.Do a dry run presentation a couple of days before the presentation. It will also help a lot if such dry run will be recorded so that the student can play back and observe how he or she is doing in the presentation and do some corresponding adjustments to make the presentation better. The dry run will also let the student have a feel of the presentation which would help diminish the nervousness during the presentation proper. Also, dry runs allow the student to make all possible mistakes without the deduction in grade or embarrassment.Do one last review and the dry run of the subject matter to be presented a day before the presentation. Then relax and get enough sleep. Arrive at the presentation venue earlier to be able to relax and settle down. This will help to remove the nervousness and make the presenter more confident.

C P Snow and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Essay Example for Free

C P Snow and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Essay The scientist and the literary intellectual represent two cultures that are drifting apart from each other to such an extent that each is becoming increasing ignorant of and alien to the other, and because they must represent a body of knowledge as a whole, the consequence is that, though specialization, both the scientist and the intellectual are becoming effectively ignorant. Analysis: Though C P Snow claims to be speaking from a common ground between the two cultures that he envisages, I would argue that he is squarely placed in the scientific camp, and is by no means an intellectual. The manner in which he describes the rift between the two cultures has a distinct whiff of â€Å"shallow optimism† about it, which is the intellectual trait of the scientist. He advocates a simple dialogue between the two camps, which is very much reminiscent of Enlightenment thinking, which, before the advent of modern science, maintained that scientific education was the key to overcoming all social ills, and dialogue is but a means to educate each other. Snow is right in thinking that the two camps had grown apart unawares, and that at one time the cultured man endeavored to keep abreast of knowledge as a whole. But a fundamental point seems to escape him, and that is that modern science entails specialization, and neither does he suspect that it could be the root of the problem. While he acknowledges the existence of specialization in science, he tries to make out that it need not be divisive. His advocacy is of a holistic understanding, and on the strength of this plea he wants to effect a negotiation between the two camps. â€Å"Don’t carry your specializations too far,† he seems to be saying to both the scientists and the intellectuals, â€Å"because both the arts and the sciences are important, and one is in danger of becoming ignorant if one loses complete touch with any one of them. † The propositional content of his plea is correct, but the mistake is to sound it on the platform of modern science, which is divisive in its fundamental aspect. If one is committed to the scientific outlook one must live with specialization. We can take his example about the literary intellectual knowing the second law of thermodynamics as a testing point. He thinks that literary intellectual should at least know this law, which is accepted among physicists as being fundamentally significant. The equivalent feat of for a physicist would be of having read a play by Shakespeare, he suggests. But concentrating on the first point, why should one know the second law of thermodynamics if one will never question its validity? Science functions by constant questioning, and no scientist is ever trained to carry absolute dictates about with him. A literary intellectual may come to it in two ways. He may absorb it as in inviolable dictate, in which case it would not be science at all. Or he may come to it with the proper outlook of the scientist, which is the questioning one. If on the second trajectory, he may either be captivated by the question, or he may deem it not worth his while. If he is captivated, and he remains honest to his intellectual proclivities, then he cannot but pursue the question further, to the detriment of usual literary occupation. But it is more likely that he deems it not worth his while, in which case he returns to the field in which he is proficient and interested. And in due course, through neglect, he forgets how to state the scientific principle at all. If the last is the most natural and likeliest outcome, there is little point in pushing the second law of thermodynamics to the literary man. He has arrived at the status quo of not knowing the law at all, because that is the most natural state of affairs for him. In his situation he has better things to occupy himself with. For Snow to suggest that he ought to know the second law smacks of the arrogance of science, which is an arrogance rooted in naive optimism. Then again, a scientist should only be expected to enjoy a performance of Shakespeare, but certainly not to analyze it. Literary understanding calls for a profound understanding of human nature, which is certainly not part of the equipment of the scientist, who is trained to detect only empirical evidence. To tell a scientist to analyze King Lear would only confuse him, and if he tried too hard it would blunt his scientific perception. Snow would be better advised to consider the underlying philosophy of science, rather than external practice of the separate disciplines. It is a tacit understanding among members of the scientific society (of which literary intellectual are a part) that each practice his own specialization. Only the fruits are to be enjoyed by all, and this is the true egalitarian dimension of atomized science. The notion of â€Å"progress† comes from the understanding that the fruits of specialization confer on all, and it is this notion of progress that binds all members of scientific society. In its original conception modern science was defined as an egalitarianism of knowledge, and apparent loss of this is what Snow is lamenting. But such egalitarianism has not disappeared; it has only become impractical for a single person to keep up with the expanding body of knowledge. But more important than knowledge sharing is the philosophy that underpins it, and this philosophy still unites the particle physicist and the Shakespeare man. In calling for a new, and strained, egalitarianism of knowledge, Snow is only betraying his naivete of the world, which is the characteristic naivete of the scientist daring to speak on the humanities. Works Cited Snow, Charles Percy. The Two Cultures. Ed. Stefan Collini. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Are You a Rebel? Or are You Just another Sheep following the Non-confor

Are You a Rebel? Or are You Just another Sheep following the Non-conformity Flock? â€Å"It's like living on the outside of society and seeing what a crock of shit it is, but then approaching it again with a sense of humor. I mean, when you're able to see society as this sort of funky, funny illusion, it makes it easier to deal with it because there is no rhyme or reason to the way it works.† RuPaul, on fringe culture (Genre, March '99) Rebellion. *It's about articulating that little inner voice that's in all of us, the voice which resists being assimilated into the mass conformity that is American society. The quality of our interaction has diminished so much that we barely recognize each other as human. The â€Å"American way of life† has destroyed our individuality while pretending to cater to it, and the natural interdependence of society has been compromised by the shrieks of mass media and the cubicle farms they call workplaces. We are all gearing up for some heavy shit, all around the world. The yuppies are putting together their silly stock option plans, the Pakistanis are aching for jihad against India, the major labels are trying harder than ever to saturate our culture with Limp Bizkit bullshit and kill Napster while they're at it. To me, it fits together like a puzzle. It's all related. This is more than a complaint about social differences. It's about human nature. Stick around; I think I can pro ve this. The hippie and freak hordes would have us believe than they are the sole bastions of non-conformity and acceptance left in America. They are not. I really dislike stories like Hans Christian Anderson's The Ugly Duckling. Not all ugly ducklings turn into swans. Some of us turn into ugly ducks. We need to learn to accept it, and to find that being an ugly duck isn't really necessarily all that bad, because going with the flock isn't always the best or most satisfying way to go, even if it does seem like the easiest. I was never one who "fit in" with my peers. From the day I began school at the age of five, it was obvious that I was somehow different from the rest of them. Since I was hyperactive, kind of shy, and too intellectual to be popular, I rarely had many friends, and at times found myself a subject of ridicule, mocking, and outright abuse. My first ploy, which lasted for a number of years, was to attempt to conform. This was very muc... ...tandards, but these standards were made by conformity. The union itself is some form of rebellion. By being apart of that group, he conformed to the â€Å"rebel’s† standards. A cultural movement is a cultural movement; be it hippie, skater punk, raver trash or otherwise. Nobody wants the whole world to live in peace as one big happy family. It's contrary to instinct. We all want to be the bottisavatta in the flowing robes who dictates the gospel to the rest of the world. And that's not the way things work. This world has winners and losers, geeks and popular kids. Junior high repeats itself until you are dead. So what's a rebel to do? I don't know. Try reading. Jack Kerouac is not still a best selling author because of his cool Gap khakis. A nation of people didn't follow Lenin into almost 80 years of collectivist silliness because of his natty goatee and adorable accent. Or try remembering these simple rules: 1.)  Rebellion is free. 2.) Rebellion does not come in six different colors. 3.) Rebellion does not have a soundtrack and a movie deal in the works. 4.) Rebellion is not found in a piercing store, tattoo parlor, drug store, hash pipe or a Quentin Tarrantino movie.

Explain How Observations of Babies, Children and Young People Contribute to Planning.

Explain how observations of babies, children and young people contribute to planning. â€Å"What are observations? An observation is a piece of work in which the child’s words and actions are recorded in great detail. This child’s actions are then analyzed by the practitioner. It is about looking and listening to children. A bit like being a scientist we collect information or data process it and draw up conclusions from it. † (Class Hand out)An important part of a practitioner’s role is recording a Childs development and behaviour. Their are several reasons why early years practitioners keep records and assessments of babies and children. †¢ To check a Childs overall development: Routine checks are important for detecting and diagnosing any problems earl on. This could be done but the help and support of a health visitor etc. †¢ To see if the child is progressing:Assessments are regularly made to ensure that the children are progressing, not onl y in overall areas but specifically personal things as each child may not be as strong at a certain subject like the other but they are both none the less improving. †¢ To help planning: Observations and assessments should be used when planning activities for example if a practitioner observes a lack of physical development then they could decide on doing some throwing and catching exercises. Practitioners need to keep track of every pupil and their particular needs.Children have different strengths and weaknesses. So the practitioner must locate these and help the child; for example after a couple of assessments a child may show that their language skills aren’t as great as they could be so a practitioner may refer hem to a speech therapist or plan some activities that would encourage the child to talk and interact a bit more with others. The practitioner needs to report back to the parents and other fellow practitioners. This is simply because the parents need to know how their child is progressing and whether or not they need extra help.They tell fellow practitioners so they can also observe the child and work towards helping them. Their are many different professionals who can observe a child these are: †¢ Educational physiologist †¢ Child psychiatrist †¢ Family doctor †¢ Speech therapist †¢ Play therapist †¢ Health visitor 1998 Data Protection Act The data protection act came into force in March 2000. It states anyone processing personal information needs to register with the data protection commission. Anyone who registers must comply with the 8 enforceable principles or a good practice. ConfidentialityThis is an important issue on keeping records on children. The records and any information can only be used for the best interest of the child. The records should be stored safely and only appropriate staff and other professionals have access to them. This means parents can never be given information about other pe ople’s children. Observing the child is so you can find their stage of development, their likes and dislikes and their strengths and weaknesses. Assessing a child is when you carry out specific activity to see whether they have improved on a certain area or if they are doing well overall.

Review of the Child Protective Services Investigation Process Essay

In the beginning of 2004, the tragic death of a young boy in San Antonio, TX raised concerns about Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services’ (TDPRS) procedures relating to the investigation of the child protective services (CPS) process, including responding to telephone reports and assessing the risk of maltreatment accurately. TDPRS is currently under investigation ordered by the Governor, Rick Perry. The Governor stated, â€Å"there is enough evidence from various parts of the state to suggest that some of our most vulnerable children are not receiving the protection they need from abusive situations. The evidence leads me to believe we have a systemic breakdown in the safety net that must protect abused children† (www.governor.state.tx.us July 1, 2004). This paper examines current procedures in the investigation process and provides recommendations for improvement related to several of the details and feature of the operations process. â€Å"Reinventing government† initiatives draw heavily on supply chain management, total quality management, business process reengineering, and just-in-time delivery – concepts that fall under the Operations Management umbrella.(Chase, 2003). Because this review is narrowly focused on the CPS investigation process, there are several essential elements of child welfare services that are not addressed in this paper, including substitute care and permanency services. OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS The overall goal of CPS is to protect the unprotected children from abuse and neglect. This report focuses on specific CPS functions and crosscutting themes. These functions are those that comprise the child protection response to allegations of abuse and neglect. Operational definitions described in this report include: * Screening and Intake – the process by which CPS receives a referral and a report concerning allegations of child abuse or neglect, and decides whether or not to respond to the referral and report. * Investigation – the process by which CPS determines whether child maltreatment has occurred or if a child is at risk of maltreatment, and the decisions and actions that are needed to ensure the child’s safety. * Other CPS Response and Alternative Response – a response to an allegation of abuse or neglect that assesses the needs of the child or family with or without requiring a determination that maltreatment has occurred or that the child is at risk of maltreatment for the purpose of providing the family with services. For each function, there are several different features. The workflow of these functions is described in Table 1. SCREENING AND INTAKE Receiving community referrals, which includes those from mandated professional reporters and the population at large, is the gateway to CPS. Features of the intake procedures include the availability to receive reports, methods for documenting reports, and timeframes for accepting and forwarding a report. Intake is available 24-hours a day 7 days a week, and centralized in Austin, TX. Referred reports are generally categorized into two groups. In the first group, CPS caseworkers are dispatched immediately for children believed to be in imminent risk of harm. In the second group, investigations are usually initiated within 10 days. The policies indicate that a decision protocol for forwarding cases for investigation. The hotline workers conduct quality assurance (QA) reviews on each case and decision to forward a case to investigation is made with supervisor approval. In case of sexual abuse and serious abuse, the case must be notified to law enforcement. INVESTIGATION The investigation function addresses the process of determining whether a child has been maltreated or is likely to be maltreated, and if services are needed to ensure the child will not be harmed in the future. TDPRS implemented the use of risk and safety assessment (IRA) as tools to guide decision-making as to when and how to intervene to keep children safe in the immediate future and to reduce long-term risk. The result of IRA was included at case closure, during case planning at any major decision point, or whenever circumstances suggest a child’s safety is at risk. Investigators usually check if the child’s family has had a prior validated report of abuse or neglect. Investigators then visit and interview the family, including initiating face-to-face contact with the children, and begin collecting information about the alleged maltreatment incident. If an investigator, during the initial investigation, believes that a child has been maltreated and needs the court to protect the child’s safety, the investigator must initiate judicial oversight of the case, which can be time-consuming and complicated. While the investigator is following the procedures involved in investigating the alleged maltreatment, he or she is also developing a tentative plan to address those conditions in the home that CPS believes contributed to the maltreatment of the child. This plan ultimately becomes the case plan that outlines treatment services for the child and the family. The plan described what actions are required of all the parties involved to correct the condition that caused the maltreatment. OTHER CPS RESPONSE AND ALTERNATIVE RESPONSE The overall goals of alternative response are to provide a response option to those families whose situations did not meet the mandate or criteria for CPS involvement, to serve low-risk or low-severity situations, or to improve family situations. This is to emphasize partnering the families with the community and creating a network for the family, protect children and assist parents to recognize and remedy conditions harmful to their children, provide preventive services before the need of CPS involvement is required, and prevent the family from potentially being re-referred. The causes of child abuse and neglect are complex, and a case plan can involve referrals to an array of individuals, including caseworkers from other units in the agency, private service providers such as mental health and counseling professionals, other public agencies such as housing and transportation services. CURRENT WORKFLOW Documenting business process flows visually not only helps in ISO and QS initiatives, but it is the first step toward continuous improvement. (Gould, L. 2000) A good way to start analyzing a process is with a diagram showing the basic elements of a process (Chase, 2003) Table 1 describes the overview of current workflow from the time the report of maltreatment was reported to CPS until the completion of the investigation. Table 1 UNDERLYING PROBLEMS Because child protection is a critical service and because of the seriousness consequences of errors, CPS must seek to insure the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of the process both through detailed specifications (laws, regulations, and policy) and thorough supervisory oversight. However, the process must be balanced with systems that give workers and supervisors sufficient flexibility to apply sound professional judgment. Increases in the number of maltreatment cases, the changing nature of family problems, and long-standing systemic weaknesses have placed the CPS system in a state of crisis and undermined its ability to fully carry out the responsibilities for abused and neglected children. First, child maltreatment reports have risen steadily across the state. The caseloads of CPS have grown correspondingly, and CPS cannot keep pace with this workload. Second, these caseloads are increasingly composed of families whose problems have grown more troubling and complicated, with substance abuse a common and pervasive condition. Finally, systemic weaknesses, such as difficulty maintaining professional and skilled workforce, inconsistently implementing policies and procedures, and poor working relationships with outside resources has created a long-standing problems. The combined effect of difficult caseloads and systemic weaknesses may endanger the lives of children coming to the attention of CPS. In CPS, the staff sometimes deal with life-and-death issues, the knowledge of and consistent application of appropriate policies and procedures are critical. However, CPS staff is unable to consistently apply existing policies such as inadequate safety assessment. This is because policies change frequently, no procedures manual exists, and information is inconsistently distributed to all staff. By necessity, CPS should work efficiently and effectively with outside resources to protect children. However, the outside resources, like CPS, also face problems associated with the large volume of increasingly complex cases, budget cuts, and Medicaid reform. Unnecessary time spent to transfer or refer cases diverts the investigator from performing investigative activities on other open cases and create â€Å"congestion† in workflow. COMPARE AND CONTRAST WITH OTHER PRACTICE In 1994, Missouri developed a new strategy to handle the overwhelming number of reports coming into its CPS system. Missouri recognized that state government, acting alone, had neither the resources nor the local community, neighborhood, or family base to effectively alter the cycle of abuse and neglect. The agency and local CPS offices have turned to the broader community of churches, schools, mental health providers, and others to expand their reach. By developing partnerships with these community groups, CPS is able to quickly increase the number of people available to serve children and their families, without increasing CPS staffing levels. The model in this state is also based on the premise that not all CPS cases require the same traditional approach. Instead, the models incorporate a flexible response, whereby CPS cases can be grouped according to the nature of the allegation, recognizing that different types of allegations required different responses. RECOMMENDATIONS Build Community Partnership Different types of maltreatment require dramatically different prevention and treatment strategies. It is critical for CPS to form partnerships between CPS and community service providers. This will allow the cases to be referred and transferred more smoothly and in a timely manner. However, ultimate success will depend on the CPS staff’s ability to overcome certain challenges, such as developing willingness within the community to become more active in protecting children from maltreatment and to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. Refine the Key Performance Requirement Key Performance Requirements How to Achieve These Requirements Report Receipt (Intake) * Community awareness of when and how to report * Minimal wait to reach the intake workers * Effective use of the CAPS (agency computer system) * Enhanced phone system that provide real time information, manage call distribution to available workers, and support estimation of staffing requirements Screening * Immediate response to high risk situations * Reasonable timeliness of decisions on other situations * Sound screening decisions * Screening guidelines that provide consistent direction * Immediate access to relevant information system * Real-time consultation from experienced supervisors Assessment (Investigation) * Sufficient thoroughness; reasonable and prudent efforts made to obtain relevant information * Timeliness of decisions * Decisions consistent with information and with policy * Assessment guidelines that provide consistent direction * Assessment timeliness requirements that balance thorough information gathering with responsiveness * Reasonable caseloads and adequate number of staff * Accessible consultation from experienced supervisors Management Reporting * Information that enables management to make sound judgments regarding overall performance and other matters, such as staffing requirements * Information that enables supervisors to manage caseloads and monitor quality and timeliness * Use of the information to identify targeted improvements where needed * Real-time information about on-going cases * Reports on both the detailed (by worker) and summary (by unit) level on caseloads and case status (pending, deadlines, overdue, etc.) * Reports of quality assurance findings * Designation of specific performance measures that will be tracked and monitored with comparisons across local offices * Management reports on overall program performance including workload, timeliness, quality assurance results, investigation outcomes, list of outside resources, etc. CONCLUSION TDPRS is facing increased reports of child abuse and neglect, as well as a disturbing increase in the number of families with severe and multiple problems. The burden to improve the ways CPS responds to children at risk of abuse and neglect falls on state and local governments. When a process is operating at capacity, the only way to take on more work without increasing the waiting time is add more capacity (Chase, 2003) CPS management must recognize that the traditional approaches to child protection cannot keep pace with the demand for services. CPS needs to reach out to communities to establish partnerships among service providers, as well as our citizens. Furthermore, the CPS management team must look at the entire workflow of the operations process and recognize long-standing systemic problems. It is critical to seek ways to correct deficiencies and to build and maintain the personnel that will support the operations management strategies. REFERENCES: Chase, R. (2003). Product design and process selection. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Chase, R. (2003). Operations strategy and management change. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. www. tdprs.state.tx.us www.governor.state.tx.us Gould, L. (2004) Designing a better business. Gardner Publications, Inc. Retrieved from www.autofieldguid.com on 8/23/04 McDonald W. (2001). National study of child protective services systems and reform efforts – Literature review. Retrieved from www.aspe.hhs.gov.hsp/protective01/ on 8/22/04. http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/he97115.pdf

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What Are The Benefits Of Eco Briquettes Environmental Sciences Essay Unsustainable of earths resources and environmental problems are major current problems that occurred by over consumption and inefficient way of using. Climate change, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution has a major impact on many citizens and the earth which require people change their current behavior. Climate change and global warming are part of serious issues these days and are also part of the most important global environmental challenges, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy and so on. Addressing climate change requires a good scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and global level from. PTT 328 PTT is the largest energy company in Thailand which the groups principal activity is the operation of petroleum business. 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Biomass briquette is an ideal biomass fuel which can enhance the PTTs environmental performance more effective and visual because this the product including raw material, production process and new technologies are develope d to create greener activities to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity Recycling waste, reducing pollution and environmental degradation. Biomass briquettes Biomass briquettes are an affordable alternative fuel to coal and other solid combustible fuels which are produced by converting low bulk density biomass into high density solid fuels (Werther et al. 2000). Biomass briquetting plants are consisted of various types of machines to support different raw materials (KriÃ…Â ¾an et al. 2009). Biomass briquettes are non-conventional source of energy, renewable in nature, eco friendly, non-polluting and economical (Wilaipon 2007). In addition, it has been claimed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the process of converting biomass to solid fuel is also non-polluting; therefore the process and product are 100 % natural. Briquette is an ideal Bio-fuel because of the following reasons: Eco friendly renewable energy fuel. Economical and cheaper than other solid fuels. Thermal calorific value approximately 4000 Kcal/Kg. Pollution free non-hazardous. Lower ash content 4% 8%. There is no fly ash when burnt. Consistent high burning efficiency. Easy for transportation, feeding, and combustion. Combustion is more uniform. Biomass briquettes are an alternative green energy to coal, and are usually used to fire industrial boilers that produce steam including business which requires burn. Production process 400 Every year Thailand has millions of tons of agricultural wastes are generated. These agricultural wastes are treated a waste with no economic value and either none used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. However, this waste can be turned into a completely environment-friendly source of energy through briquetting (Biomass briquettes Replacing coal and LPG.article). Groundnut shell Bamboo dust Paddy straw Sunflower stalk Tea waste Tobacco waste Bagasse (Sugarcane waste) Saw dust Coffee husk Wheat straw Mustard Jute waste Forestry wastes Cotton stalk Palm husk Wood chips Rice husk Reeds Soybeans husk Other agro wastes Table1. Sorts of raw material (based on Werther et al. 2000) Biomass briquettes are manufactured by the process of recycling agricultural wastes and forestry wastes. The machinery used is compatible with multiple agricultural wastes. The agro waste is first pulverized, sieved and then dried to required moisture content. This is then fed into the hopper of fuel briquette machine, which uses high compression between die and punch resulting into cylindrical briquettes. Cylindrical briquettes are thus formed due to carbonization, achieved by heating of surface. Figure1. The Biomass briquettes production process (based on Callejà ³n Ferre and Là ³pez Martà ­nez 2009) Process of Briquetting: Firstly, crushing machine prepares suitable size raw material for biomass briquetting plant by shredding the raw material after it is fed into the machine. After that a tiled metal screen will vibrate shredded remains until it separates from soil. Then, the remains plant materials were passed into a tank of continuous washing consists of a pivot drum made of screen. After washing the plant material, water is contaminated and low quality, it is brought to purify by water-purification system which is contained in the lowest of the tank. This system allows reused water for briquetting process. Secondly, drying machine prepare suitable moisture raw material for biomass briquette press. For briquetting press, it is only to control the moisture of raw material at a reasonable range that can make good result of biomass briquettes. Or the briquettes will be broken because of too loose or too dry. Thirdly, briquetting press machine makes the biomass material into briquettes. After the well pr eparation of raw metarial, briquetting is easy at right operation of biomass briquette press. When machine rise to over 300 centigrade, the material can be feeding continuously into briquetting press. First, the color of briquettes may be a little dark even black, but after a while, the color will be light to normal level coming out of biomass briquette machine. Finally, packing is the last process of briquetting process which the packing machine will load final biomass briquettes and then wrap with a thermal shrink wrap by thermal shrink wrapping machine Finished Product Briquettes Briquettes are ready substitute of lignite, coal and wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application including households daily life. Biomass briquettes are non-conventional source of energy, eco-friendly, renewable in nature, non polluting and economical. Its made through binder less technique without use of any type of chemical so it is 100% natural. Compared to fire wood or loose biomass, briquettes give much higher boiler efficiency because of low moisture and higher density. Marketing 200 Explain how it could be marketed (academic resources) According to (Suksumek 2007) pollution problem by using lignite at Mae Moh Power plant in Thailand in 1992 and causing bad effect to villagers, power plant employees and crop of local communities, it creates negative image of using lignite and coal which Thai government solves the problem by import coal from oversea. Therefore, it is a good opportunity to market biomass briquette product in Thailand. The manufacturing, located in Thailand, provides a geographical advantage to Tesco because it is populatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Moreover, demand consumption of coal is high while low competition in clean fuel product as biomass briquette. Unit: Ktoe Table1. Forecast on Primary Energy Demand (based on Suksumek 2007) The multiple usage of the end product enables us to exploit the opportunities in both commercial and industrial markets. Our plant will cater to the SA and UK industrial and domestic commercial market such as steel manufacturing plants or electrical plants.There are plenty of potential markets for fuel briquettes in the cities and in the rural areas. The potential customers for the briquettes: Refractory Industries Gasifies System App Lamination Industries Spinning Mill Leather Industries Ceramic Industries Textile units Vegetable Plants Solvent Extraction Plant Rubber Industries Food Processing Industries Dyeing Units Milk Plant Any Industrial Thermal App Brick Making Units Chemical Industries Marketing Approaches Sponsorship: The plan recommends motivating customers perception and also improves customer relationships in term of green company and green product by integrating green initiatives into every aspect of the organization which links the association of the company and briquette product with an individual, event or organization to display in social responsibility. Using eco-labels and eco-logos on products or marketing materials: The plan aims to emphasize in term of green product by putting eco-label and eco-logos on briquettes packaging to increase customers awareness. Engaging customers in green marketing: The marketing plan will motivate consumers by encouraging them to participate and engage in the campaign or directly with the product through green clubcard. E-marketing: In term of viral marketing, the plan will target online resources like Tescos website chatroom, article media, emails online events and will sell the product through Tescos own website. Personal Selling: Due to briquette is low-value product and it is required to use in many industries; therefore face-to-face contact provides better opportunity to sell briquette for large quantity to industries. Distribution 45% of the product is exported to the UK retaining 55% of it for the Thailand market. Distribution in Thailand will be done directly to clients upon placing an order or known as Just-In-Time because the briquette products lead time is short. Moreover, it is available in every branches of Tesco store in Thailand while it is available in Tesco extra in UK. However, there is some amount of product storaged in warehouse to support an emergency. http://refrigeratedtrans.com/2010-emissions/testa_produce_building_green_distribution_center_0412/ Packing: Due to property of product and distance of transportation, the biomass briquette product would require strong and waterproof packaging. For this reasons, Thermal Shrink wrapping which is inexpensive and environmentally friendly is used as packaging of product. This elastic plastic wrap can also used to protect product when it is not in use. Moreover, it can be used for big and small items; therefore it provides an advantage to product and company for future development. In this process, briquettes are fed into the packing machine, heat is used to condense the sheets of packing material to mold, or shrink to the form of the content it will protect. Delivery Briquettes have high specific density; therefore it can withstand the stocks of long distance transport, loading and unloading. Furthermore, transportation costs are much less and storage requirement is drastically reduced. For delivery both in case of shipment and transportation, this plan concerns about climate change and environment friendly, and purposes to improve carbon footprint. The product will be delivered with sharing lorry by working in partnership with other companies and suppliers in domestic and international.   For our own transportation, we will use more and more double-decker trailers, which carry 55 percent more products per journey (single deck: 45, double deck: 75 cages per trip). In addition, battery-powered vans are making deliveries for our online store, Tesco.com which will save around 180 tonnes of CO2 each year. From these effective deliveries, Tesco can reduce CO2 emission, save cost and gain higher profit. Conclusion 150